LEARNING EXPRESSION OF OBLIGATION AND PROHIBITION

Hello everyone! How are you? Hope everything runs well and everything's good as usual. 

Ok, to start our discussion of this material, let me ask something. 

Any of you often see that sign around by you? And, do you know what does it mean? What will happen if we don't know the meaning of it? 

Alright, to answer all the questions, let's start with read some explanation below. 

What is  PROHIBITION?

 

“Prohibition is the act of stopping something being done or used, especially by law, or, a law or rule that stops something being done or used”. Jadi prohibitions adalah tindakan menghentikan sesuatu yang sedang dilakukan atau digunakan, terutama oleh hukum.

 

Must not = tidak boleh/dilarang

 

You must not borrow more than four books at a time. (Kamu tidak boleh meminjam lebih dari 4 buku bersamaan.)

You mustn’t sleep here. (Kamu dilarang tidur disini.)

Selain menggunakan kalimat larangan, penerapan prohibition juga dapat dituliskan menggunakan simbol. Contoh simbol dilarang parkir, dilarang masuk (No Entry) dan sebagainya. 

gambar No Entry 

Nah, sekarang sudah cukup paham kan?

OK, kita lanjut dengan materi selanjutnya yaitu Obligation. 

What is OBLIGATION?

 

“Obligation is the state of being forced to do something because it is your duty or because of a law or something which you must do because you have promised”. Jadi obligations adalah situasi dimana kita harus melakukan sesuatu karena itu adalah tugas kita atau yang kita janjikan karena sebuah aturan dan lain-lain.

 

Untuk mengungkapkan Keharusan kita bisa menggunakan

 

1. Have to / has to = harus

 

“have to” merupakan modal verb yang dipergunakan untuk menunjukan yang kita harus lakukan.

I have to go to school at seven o’clock. (Kita harus berangkat ke sekolah pukul 7.)

We have to show ID cards. (Kita harus menunjukan kartu pengenal kita.)

Have to mengikuti subject I, YOU, WE, THEY

 

Has to mengikuti subject HE, SHE, IT

 

2. Must = harus

 

Didalam obligations kara “must” dipergunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang harus dilakukan biasanya berhubungan dengan aturan.

 

All students must wear uniform. (Semua murid harus mengenakan seragam.)

You must speak louder. I can’t hear you. (Kamu harus berbicara lebih keras. Saya tidak dapat mendengarkanmu.)

Modals yang digunakan dalam membuat kalimat Oblligation.

Sebelumnya, do you know what modal is? apa itu Modals?

Pengertian Modals.

 Dalam Bahasa Inggris, kita mengenal jenis kata kerja bantu yang disebut modal. Modal pada umumnya digunakan untuk mengungkapkan sikap penutur terhadap suatu hal: apakah hal tersebut dibutuhkan, disarankan, diizinkan, mungkin terjadi, dan lain-lain.

Contoh modals: 

All persons	Present	Present perfect
Affirmative	must	must have
Negative	must not, mustn't	must not have,  mustn't have

Selain menggunakan modals di atas, kita bisa menggunakan 'have/has to' sebagai modals dalam mengungkapkan sebuah obligasi/keharusan. 

Principal tenses	Present	Present perfect	Past	Future
Affirmative:	has to, have to	has had to have had to	had to	will have to
Negative;	does not have to, do not have to , doesn't have to don't have to	has not had to have not had to	did not have to didn't have to *	will not have to won't have to
Progressive or continuous	am having to is having to, are having to	has been having to have been having to	was having to were having to	will be having to

Contoh:

a1) You must see a doctor at once !

a2)  I have to be at school tomorrow at 8 a.m. I have an exam !

a21) I've got to be at school tomorrow at .....

a3)  You mustn't touch that plate, it's too hot.

a4)  I had to see a doctor, because I felt very sick.

a5)  I had to break the window ! I lost my key !

a6)  The manager isn't here, he's had to go to Washington on urgent business.

Nah, sudah cukup paham kan? Semoga penjelasan di atas bisa membantu kamu dalam memahami materi seputar Prohibition dan Obligation. Udah anti bingung lagi dong sekarang dan pastinya bisa membedakan bagaimana dan membuat sendiri kalimat obligation dan prohibition. 

See you on another post and stay healthy everyone!